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| Accessible
Web Sites Advanced Web Development |
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Section 508 standards
• The idea of the alternative text is to provide a text description that conveys the same information that is communicated by the image. • The alternative text is used by screen readers and talking browsers to announce the description for a blind user who has no access to the image. • Use the alt attribute for every IMG element in the HTML code for your page. • Use your browser. Turn off images and see if what is display is understandable. • Stop using the mouse to test. Make sure that your page can be used with a keyboard only. Standards for accessible navigation • Providing "skip navigation" tools that enable a user to move to the main content of a Web page without having to hear unnecessary information first. Standards for hypertext links • Use text that makes sense when read out of context. • Have the hypertext say something more than “click here” Remain Independent of Color • Web pages shall be designed so that all information conveyed with color is also available without color • Do not convey important information with color alone. Use font, special characters, or other context in addition to using color. Image maps • client-side image maps and be sure to provide alternative text for each AREA of the map. • If you must use server-side image maps, then provide equivalent redundant text links for all active regions of the map. Multimedia Standards • According to the Section 508 Standards, you must provide a transcript for any audio on your Web site. • Text equivalents for multimedia content must be synchronized with the presentation (captions must be included). • Web authors are encouraged to include transcripts of audio content as well as synchronized alternatives because those transcripts permit searching and extracting. Reduce Flicker • Pages shall be designed to avoid causing the screen to flicker with a frequency greater than 2 Hz and lower than 55 Hz. • Don’t have animated gifs or other features that cause a portion of the screen to flicker. This condition can cause seizures in people with photosensitive epilepsy. Write Accessible Scripts • Examples include being sure essential information is not lost when JavaScript functions are turned off. • If you use mouse-over highlighting or if there are alternatives for the links in your mouse-over menus, essential information will not be lost. Accessible Applets and Plug-ins • Applets and plug-ins must satisfy the Section 508 software standards. In particular, they must be completely usable without a mouse. • Test your use of applets or plug-ins using only the keyboard. Alert Users to Timed Responses • When a timed response is required, the user shall be alerted and given sufficient time to indicate more time is required. • If you expect a response from a user in a certain prescribed time, alert the user to that fact and allow for additional time. Text-only Alternative • If you cannot meet some aspect of the 508 Standards, as a last resort, you can create a text-only site. • The text-only site must have all the information of the main site, must be updated with the same frequency as the main site, and must be immediately and obviously accessible from the main page. Everyday
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